Depending on the type and stage of cancer, and the individual patients condition, hoxsey would add to a basic solution of cascara rhamnus purshiana and potassium iodide one or more of the following plant substances. Names of rhamnus frangula in various languages of the world are also given. Name of the medicinal product to be specified for the individual finished product. Grass species genotypes response phalaris arundinacea 12 susceptible ph. Above average superior performance, among my favorites, would recommend to others. In recent years the barks of a number of turkish species of rhamnus have been systematically examined for their anthraquinone and flavonoid contents see m. Considered to be the most ornamental of the buckthorns. Frangula alnus is commonly called alder buckthorn because it is frequently seen in the wild growing in moist soils near alders genus alnus. Biological control ofbuckthorns rhamnus cathartica and. They were probably introduced to the us before 1800 but did not become widespread until the early 1900s. Rhamnus frangula herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects. A fast growing vertical plant, give this plant a shear to a flat top look and then repeat a few times during the season to produce a fuller plant without loss of height. Asplenifolia and columnaris to determine impact 070. Leaves are darkgreen and glossy above while dull green below.
Clusters of whitishgreen flowers appear in the leaf axils in may. The bark of rhamnus frangula linn frangula alnus miller, family rhamnaceae buckthorn is used traditionally as a medicinal plant. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Fine line is a noninvasive alternative to other buckthorn varieties. Fernlike foliage and a columnar shape set this darkgreen shrub apart. Fine line buckthorn rhamnus frangula proven winners. Glossy buckthorn can either grow as a multistemmed shrub or singlestemmed tree up to 23 7 m tall. Leaves are deciduous, simple, and generally arrang ed alternately.
Rhamnus frangula is a deciduous shrub growing to 5 m 16ft by 4 m ft at a slow rate. Rhamnus frangula synonyms, rhamnus frangula pronunciation, rhamnus frangula translation, english dictionary definition of rhamnus frangula. Appearance frangula alnus is a large shrub or small tree that can grow to heights of 30 ft. The esr measurements were carried out on five types of organic tea cultivated in romania. The branches are not spiny, and the buds are without scales. Rhamnus frangula fine line, is a noninvasive buckthorn that is a responsible replacement for its weedy cousins because it does not selfseed. The author name for frangula alnus is cited as either miller orp. It has a narrow, upright form with very thin, fine textured foliage. The fine line buckthorn is an excellent cross between the columnar and fernleaf forms of buckthorn.
Frangula alnus miller, primarily the clinical data. If a branch is cut, the sapwood tissue just below the outer bark is yellow and the heartwood tissue in the center is pinkorange michigan. Prune regularly to promote health, provide air circulation, maintain a desirable shape, and to remove dead or damaged branches. Pest management invasive plant control buckthorns rhamnus. Pruning is best done in latewinter to early spring for most trees and latespring for spring blooming shrubs. Potential for expansion 040 33 can these cultivars revert. The most studied compounds in buckthorn bark frangula cortex. Rhamnus frangula sanguenu, zanguena o cuernucabra cfr. Rhamnus frangula bark frangulae cortex herbal reference. Pdf the effects of frangula alnus miller on hek cells in. Rhamnus cathartica and frangula alnus report 200405. The bark on young shoots is green, becoming greybrown. Qualitative and quantitative composition 1, 2 wellestablished use traditional use.
Recommendations for rhamnus frangula assessment results based on 8703 meeting. In the 1950 grays manual of botany, glossy buckthorn was described as recently and rapidly spreading. Rhamnus frangula alder buckthorn pfaf plant database. Frangula a genus of shrubs or small trees of the family rhamnaceae. Foliage the dark green leaves are shiny, alternate sometime opposite and simple with prominent venation. While frangula is morphologically similar to rhamnus but separate according to previous molecular studies, the delimitation of sections within rhamnus s. To give your plant the best start possible, we include free fertilizer with every order. The constituents of frangula bark, especially those to which the laxative properties are due, are but imperfectly known. Its species range from 1 to 10 meters 330 tall rarely to 15 metres, 50 and are native mainly in east asia and north america, but found throughout the temperate and subtropical northern hemisphere, and also more locally in the subtropical southern hemisphere. It is in flower from may to june, and the seeds ripen from september to november. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by insects. List of various diseases cured by rhamnus frangula. In order to clarify the taxonomy of rhamnus, we present the largest molecular dataset.
Mcf7 is a cell line that was first isolated in 1970. Pdf rhamnus spp rhamnus alaternus l rhamnus lycioides l. It is native to europe, northernmost africa, and western asia, from ireland and great britain north to 68n in scandinavia, east to central siberia and xinjiang in western china, and south to northern. Frangula alnus is a shrub or small tree with brownish gray bark speckled with easily distinguished elongated, lighter areas called lenticels michigan. Rhamnus frangula synonyms, rhamnus frangula antonyms. Frangula bark consists of the dried, whole or fragmented bark of the stems and branches of rhamnus frangula l. This plant and synonyms italicized and indented above can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. I bought a buckthorn tree in april and planted it in a large container on my. Rhamnus frangula has two cultivars that give this species importance in the landscape, in terms of their finetextured asplenifolia or columnar columnaris design functions. Summary of rhamnus frangula control treatments during winter 198990.
Pdf studies show that some plant extracts have anticancer effects on breast cancer cells. The hmpc conclusions only cover frangula bark preparations that are obtained by drying and comminuting reducing into tiny pieces the bark. This was introduced by ron williams of green bay, wisconsin. It is also commonly called glossy buckthorn in reference to its glossy leaves. Frangula article about frangula by the free dictionary. Glossy or smooth buckthorn also known as european alder, rhamnus frangula, is a large shrub to small tree with an upright, oval form growing 1018 ft. The glossy buckthorn rhamnus frangula also mildly poisonous has bark and growth form that looks somewhat similar to the chokecherry. Narrow leaves, deep green and irregularly scalloped, give the shrub an almost ferny texture. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Branches are multistemmed, not very regular and arranged in alternate pairs. Frangula alnus miller, cortex frangula bark herbal substance dried, whole or fragmented bark of the stems and branches, standardised herbal preparation standardised herbal preparations thereof traditional use with regard to the registration application of article 16d1 of directive 200183ec, as amended 3. A recent molecular study by bolmgren and oxelman 2004.
Benefits of alder buckthorn rhamnus frangula for health. Rhamnus is easy to grow and adapts to most conditions. Growing rhamnus frangula alder buckthorn latin name pronunciation. Pdf rhamnus spp rhamnus alaternus l rhamnus lycioides.
Frangula is a shrub about ten to fifteen feet high, growing in wet places from the northern coast of africa, throughout europe, and extending eastward into siberia. Frangula or alder buckthorn should be distinguished from common buckthorn rhamnus catharticus, linn, from the ripe berries of which syrupus rhamni is prepared. Rhamnus catharticus, is a multistemmed small tree to large shrub growing 1025 ft. Rhamnus frangula definition of rhamnus frangula by the. Usda 2ahs 7 a uniquely textured plant, unmatched among hardy species for its exotic look in the landscape. Narrow leaves, deep green and irregularly scalloped, give. Frangula alnus usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Buckthorn rhamnus cannot be shipped into il, ma, mn, nh, and vt free with every plant purchased the sooner guarantee.
Rhamnus frangula fastigiate, noninvasive rhamnus a tremendous plant for container gardens and narrow spaces, fine line has a narrow habit that fits easily into landscapes. Most authorities now recognize this section as a separate genus, using frangula alnus mill. Leaves simple, alternate, linear to linearlanceolate, 46 cm long, but only 3. Alder buckthorn has been used medicinally as a gentle laxative since at least the middle ages. European unionherbal monograph on rhamnus frangula l. Asplenifolia is an upright, spreading, deciduous shrub which typically grows 610 tall. Pdf effects of rhamnus frangula extract on mcf7 cells in cell. The corespc for frangulae cortex established in 1994 by the committee for proprietary medicinal products cpmp the german monograph of the commission e frangulae cortex 1 and the german pharmacovigilance actions for.
Alder buckthorn rhamnus frangula picture the alder buckthorn can be considered a deciduous shrub or even a small tree, the plant often reaches 20 feet in height when fully mature. Frangula bark is the common name for the bark of the plant rhamnus frangula l. An attractive, new, columnar shrub with fine, dark green leaves, which turn butteryyellow in autumn before falling. The leaf margins are smoothentire and tend to be slightly wavy. The genus name frangula comes from the word frango, meaning fragile or brittle, in reference to the tendency of the twigs of some species to break easily. The flowers, which are small and bisexual, are in axillary dichasia or fascicles. Updated for itis by the flora of north america expertise network, in connection with an update for usda plants 20072010 reference for.
Glossy buckthorn is a deciduous shrub or small tree of wet or dry sites. Once established, frangula alnus fine line has an interesting, mottled bark. Difficulty of management 058 36 does asplenifolia produce viable seed. How rhamnus frangula is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. Mentha piperita mp, hypericum perforatum hp, achillea millefolium am, rhamnus frangula rf, and calendula officinalis co. Fine, fernlike foliage on slender branches proven to have very low seed viability approximately 3%. Rhamnaceae buckthorn family medicinal use of alder buckthorn. Rhamnaceae of north america update, database version 2011 acquired. In the past, frangula was treated as a subgenus of rhamnus, distinguished from rhamnus sensu stricto by the presence of bisexual instead of unisexual flowers and 5merous instead of 4merous flower parts, and on the basis of seed characteristics. The generic recognition of frangula has been disputed and for many years glossy buckthorn has gone under the name rhamnus frangula l.
Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in rhamnus frangula. Rhamnus frangula, the alder buckthorn, is a tall deciduous shrub in the family rhamnaceae. Alder buckthorn was first formally described by carl linnaeus in 1753 as rhamnus frangula. Otros nomes vulgares desta ramnacea son frangula o rabiacan. It was subsequently separated by philip miller in 1768 into the genus frangula on the basis of its hermaphrodite flowers with a fiveparted corolla in rhamnus the flowers are dioecious and fourparted.
Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of weeds of the u. Pdf on jan 1, 20, esteban chirino and others published rhamnus spp rhamnus alaternus l. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Was introduced by ron willimans of green bay, wisconsin. Rhamnus is a genus of about 110 accepted species of shrubs or small trees, commonly known as buckthorns, in the family rhamnaceae. Rhamnus frangula small tree common in europe alder buckthorn, alder dogwood buckthorn a shrub or shrubby tree of the genus rhamnus. Analysis of the cosmopolitan buckthorn genera frangula and. Prelogging treatment of invasive glossy buckthorn frangula alnus.
Rhamnus frangula definition of rhamnus frangula by the free. It is based on the measurement of changes of the esr spectrum of radicals as a result of their interaction with antioxidants. Pharmacognosy, 1992, 30, 151 and references cited therein. Fine line rhamnus frangula ron williams uspp 14,791. The alder buckthorn is characterized by the presence of glossy oval shaped green leaves, each of which can be one to three inches in length, the leaves are borne on. Fine line buckthorn rhamnus frangula ron williams plant details. Frangula alnus in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Rhamnus frangula landscape plants oregon state university. Impact of the invasive shrub glossy buckthorn rhamnus frangula l. It works great in narrow spaces and is noninvasive thanks to its sparse, unviable seed.
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